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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Uncoupling Protein</span></h1>
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<p>Ein <b>Uncoupling Protein</b> (‚Entkopplungsprotein‘) ist ein <a href="Mitochondrium" title="Mitochondrium">mitochondriales</a> <a href="Membranprotein" title="Membranprotein">Membranprotein</a>, das <a href="Proton" title="Proton">Protonen</a> ohne <a href="Chemiosmotische_Kopplung" title="Chemiosmotische Kopplung">chemiosmotische Kopplung</a> durch die mitochondriale Membran lässt und somit die <a href="Atmungskette" title="Atmungskette">Atmungskette</a> entkoppelt.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16179945_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16179945-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>
<p>In Säugetieren gibt es fünf Typen:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="UCP1" class="mw-redirect" title="UCP1">UCP1</a> (synonym <a href="Thermogenin" title="Thermogenin">Thermogenin</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>UCP2<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>UCP3<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>SLC25A27 (synonym <i>UCP4</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>SLC25A14 (synonym <i>UCP5</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<p><i>Uncoupling Proteins</i> dienen der <a href="Thermogenese" title="Thermogenese">Thermogenese</a>, da die Protonen an <a href="Fetts%C3%A4ure" class="mw-redirect" title="Fettsäure">Fettsäuren</a> gebunden aus dem Inneren des Mitochondriums an der <a href="Membranst%C3%A4ndige_ATPase" class="mw-redirect" title="Membranständige ATPase">membranständigen ATPase</a> vorbei ins <a href="Zytoplasma" class="mw-redirect" title="Zytoplasma">Zytoplasma</a> geschleust werden, um <a href="Neutralisationsw%C3%A4rme" title="Neutralisationswärme">Neutralisationswärme</a> zu erzeugen.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chemische Entkoppler der Atmungskette sind z. B. <a href="2%2C4-Dinitrophenol" title="2,4-Dinitrophenol">2,4-Dinitrophenol</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carbonylcyanid m-chlorphenyl-Hydrazon (CCCP),<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Malachitgr%C3%BCn" title="Malachitgrün">Malachitgrün</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Salicyls%C3%A4ure" title="Salicylsäure">Salicylsäure</a> und teilweise auch <a href="Essigs%C3%A4ure" title="Essigsäure">Essigsäure</a>. UCP werden durch <a href="Schilddr%C3%BCsenhormon" class="mw-redirect" title="Schilddrüsenhormon">Schilddrüsenhormone</a>, <a href="Adrenalin" title="Adrenalin">Adrenalin</a>, <a href="Noradrenalin" title="Noradrenalin">Noradrenalin</a> und <a href="Leptin" title="Leptin">Leptin</a> <a href="Induktion_(Genetik)" title="Induktion (Genetik)">induziert</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/search?searchMethod=FullWord&searchInField=termDescriptor&sort=&size=20&searchType=exactMatch&q=Uncoupling+Agents">Uncoupling Protein</a></i></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-pmid16179945-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid16179945_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nedergaard J, Ricquier D, Kozak LP: <cite style="font-style:italic">Uncoupling proteins: current status and therapeutic prospects</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">EMBO Rep.</cite> 6. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>10</span>, 2005, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>917–21</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400532">10.1038/sj.embor.7400532</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16179945?dopt=Abstract">PMID 16179945</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1369193/">PMC 1369193</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Uncoupling+Protein&rft.atitle=Uncoupling+proteins%3A+current+status+and+therapeutic+prospects&rft.au=Nedergaard+J%2C+Ricquier+D%2C+Kozak+LP&rft.date=2005&rft.doi=10.1038%2Fsj.embor.7400532&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=10&rft.jtitle=EMBO+Rep.&rft.pages=917-21&rft.pmc=1369193&rft.pmid=16179945&rft.volume=6.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. K. Porter: <i>Uncoupling protein 1: a short-circuit in the chemiosmotic process.</i> In: <i>Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes.</i> Band 40, Nummer 5, Oktober 2008, S. 457–461, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10863-008-9172-8">10.1007/s10863-008-9172-8</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18958609?dopt=Abstract">PMID 18958609</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Diano, T. L. Horvath: <i>Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in glucose and lipid metabolism.</i> In: <i><a href="Trends_in_Molecular_Medicine" title="Trends in Molecular Medicine">Trends in Molecular Medicine</a>.</i> Band 18, Nummer 1, Januar 2012, S. 52–58, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2011.08.003">10.1016/j.molmed.2011.08.003</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21917523?dopt=Abstract">PMID 21917523</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Nabben, J. Hoeks: <i>Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 and its role in cardiac- and skeletal muscle metabolism.</i> In: <i>Physiology & behavior.</i> Band 94, Nummer 2, Mai 2008, S. 259–269, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.11.039">10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.11.039</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18191161?dopt=Abstract">PMID 18191161</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. W. Ho, J. W. Ho, H. M. Tse, D. H. So, D. C. Yiu, H. F. Liu, K. H. Chan, M. H. Kung, D. B. Ramsden, S. L. Ho: <i>Uncoupling protein-4 (UCP4) increases ATP supply by interacting with mitochondrial Complex II in neuroblastoma cells.</i> In: <i><a href="PLOS_ONE" title="PLOS ONE">PLOS ONE</a>.</i> Band 7, Nummer 2, 2012, S. e32810, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032810">10.1371/journal.pone.0032810</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22427795?dopt=Abstract">PMID 22427795</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3303587/">PMC 3303587</a> (freier Volltext).</span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. W. Ho, A. C. Chu, K. H. Kwok, M. H. Kung, D. B. Ramsden, S. L. Ho: <i>Knockdown of uncoupling protein-5 in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells: Effects on MPP+-induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization, ATP deficiency, and oxidative cytotoxicity.</i> In: <i>Journal of neuroscience research.</i> Band 84, Nummer 6, 2006, S. 1358–1366, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.21034">10.1002/jnr.21034</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16941493?dopt=Abstract">PMID 16941493</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Jezek, M. Jab?rek, K. D. Garlid: <i>Channel character of uncoupling protein-mediated transport.</i> In: <i>FEBS letters.</i> Band 584, Nummer 10, 2010, S. 2135–2141, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2010.02.068">10.1016/j.febslet.2010.02.068</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20206627?dopt=Abstract">PMID 20206627</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3617986/">PMC 3617986</a> (freier Volltext).</span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Y. Jin, M. L. McEwen, S. A. Nottingham, W. F. Maragos, N. B. Dragicevic, P. G. Sullivan, J. E. Springer: <i>The mitochondrial uncoupling agent 2,4-dinitrophenol improves mitochondrial function, attenuates oxidative damage, and increases white matter sparing in the contused spinal cord.</i> In: <i>Journal of neurotrauma.</i> Band 21, Nummer 10, Oktober 2004, S. 1396–1404, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15672630?dopt=Abstract">PMID 15672630</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">K. Kaila, K. Mattsson, J. Voipio: <i>Fall in intracellular pH and increase in resting tension induced by a mitochondrial uncoupling agent in crayfish muscle.</i> In: <i>The Journal of physiology.</i> Band 408, Januar 1989, S. 271–293, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2778730?dopt=Abstract">PMID 2778730</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1190403/">PMC 1190403</a> (freier Volltext).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Werth, A. Boiteux: <i>Toxicity of triphenylmethane dyes. Malachite green as an uncoupling agent of oxidative phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro.</i> In: <i>Archiv für Toxikologie.</i> Band 23, Nummer 2, 1968, S. 82–103, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4299566?dopt=Abstract">PMID 4299566</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gong DW, He Y, Karas M, Reitman M: <cite style="font-style:italic">Uncoupling protein-3 is a mediator of thermogenesis regulated by thyroid hormone, β3-adrenergic agonists, and leptin</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">J Biol Chem</cite>. 272. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>39</span>, 1997, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>24129–24132</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.39.24129">10.1074/jbc.272.39.24129</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jbc.org/content/272/39/24129.full">jbc.org</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Uncoupling+Protein&rft.atitle=Uncoupling+protein-3+is+a+mediator+of+thermogenesis+regulated+by+thyroid+hormone%2C+%CE%B23-adrenergic+agonists%2C+and+leptin&rft.au=Gong+DW%2C+He+Y%2C+Karas+M%2C+...&rft.date=1997&rft.doi=10.1074%2Fjbc.272.39.24129&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=39&rft.jtitle=J+Biol+Chem&rft.pages=24129-24132&rft.volume=272.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
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